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In previous studies, we presented a two-line system for producing hybrid varieties in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS) caused by the cytoplasm of relative wild species Aegilops crassa L. We have developed several promising elite PCMS lines with the genetic background of Japanese wheat cultivars, which showed high cross-pollination fertility and high male sterility under long-day conditions and high seed fertility under short-day conditions. Here, we performed an F1 seed production trial between eight elite PCMS lines and the pollinator variety ‘Fortunato’, which has high combining ability with the PCMS elite lines, under longday conditions in Hokkaido, Japan. Two of eight PCMS lines showed complete sterility and had more than 50% open pollination fertility. Using the F1 seeds obtained, the agronomic characters of five F1 hybrids were examined under shortday conditions in Fukui, Japan. The F1 hybrids headed 4 to 5 days earlier than the early-heading elite leading cultivar of Fukui, ‘Fukukomugi’. Compared with ‘Fukukomugi’, yield heterosis of F1 hybrids ranged from 21 to 61% in small plot trials. The results of the present study suggested the practicality of using this PCMS system for hybrid wheat production.

journal of agricultural and crop science

Trials for hybrid seed production and estimation of wheat F1 hybrids produced by outcrossing using photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile (PCMS) system with elite lines