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www.eymj.org Dr. Chang Sei Kim, the founder of public health in Korea, is important in the history of modern medicine in Korea. The reasons for this are as follows. Firstly, Chang Sei Kim was the first Korean scientist to receive a Doctoral degrees from a foreign country. He graduated from the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health in 1925. Secondly, he was not only a doctor but also an independent activist who did his best for the independence of Korea. Finally, after receiving his Doctoral degrees, he traveled to various European countries, establishing a worldview as a medical doctor and as an independent activist. He completed his own Theory of public health, based on his Theory of reconstruction of the Korean people in terms of physical constitution, which includes the concept that the Korean people’s physical constitution needed to be reconstructed for them to be revived and to regain independence during the Japanese colonial period. This paper aims to examine the achievements and implications of Dr. Chang Sei Kim as a public health pioneer and participant in the independence movement. The contents of the paper are presented chronologically to aid reader understanding. Chang Sei Kim was born on February 22, 1893 as the eldest son of Seung Won Kim, a farmer in Yonggang-gun, Pyeongannam-do. He graduated from Pyongyang Seomunnae Presbyterian Elementary School and Tokyo Kandaku Accelerated Policy School. Through his father’s influence, who was a believer in the early Adventist Church in Korea, 16-year-old Chang Sei Kim became interpreter for Riley Russell, the first Adventist Church missionary doctor dispatched to Korea, in 1908. Through this opportunity, he was able to enroll at Severance Union Medical College (SUMC) in October 1910, with the Adventist Church of Korea covering his education expenses. Yonsei University College of Medicine was formerly SUMC. At SUMC he received a systematic medical education by completing courses in basic science, basic medicine, and clinical medicine, allowing him to develop into a promising doctor. After he graduated from SUMC in March 1916, he worked at the Sunan Church Hospital run by the Korean Adventist Church. In 1918, Chang Sei Kim was dispatched to the Red Cross Hospital in Shanghai as a missionary, where he was a doctor in charge for Chang Ho Ahn and he endeavored to provide medical treatment to his compatriots in the Shanghai Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, and he received much confidence and respect. In 1920, he participated in a medical missionary conference held in Beijing. While interpreting the lecture on “The relationship between health and the rise and fall of nations” by Dr. Yeol Min Si, assistant director of the Red Cross Hospital, he encountered the idea that a nation’s rise and fall depends on their people’s health, and this led him to see the significance of public health to Chosun under Japanese rule. While providing medical treatment at the Korean Red Cross hospital in Shanghai under the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) , Chang Sei Kim played a crucial role both in establishing an attached nurse training school and in training nurses. The nurses of the time acted as both combatants, directly participating in the war for independence, and medical personnel, in charge of emergency treatment given the lack of doctors during wartime. Nurses received intensive training of 18 hours per week over a short period of three months. They participated in a wide range of independence movements, including the Mansei Movement centered on regional communities and hospitals, the Red Cross movement, Received: June 29, 2017 Corresponding author: Dr. Il Suh, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2228-1868, Fax: 82-2-392-8133, E-mail: isuh@yuhs.ac

Dr. Chang Sei Kim: A Public Health Pioneer Devoted to Korea's Independence Movement