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Archaeoparasitological research has rapidly developed in recent years, entering a new stage of improved understanding of our ancestors’ parasitic infections across the world. This progress is based on a variety of recently developed research techniques. During a period of rapid innovation since 2016, there has been no much opportunity for parasitologists to gather and share in-depth views about this novel research field. This was remedied by the 14th International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA) held in Korea (Aug. 19-24, 2018; EXCO, Daegu). For archaeoparasitologists, ICOPA provided a unique opportunity to gather and exchange research and ideas. The participation was unprecedented in numbers of attendees and diversity of papers presented. Three sessions were organized under the unified theme of “A global perspective on ancient parasites: current research projects”. In the sessions, a number of landmark studies were presented by parasitologists, archaeologists, and paleopathologists from South Korea as well as many other countries worldwide. During the last decades, the summaries of significant advances in theory and method have periodically appeared in different journal special issues dedicated to archaeoparasitology [1-3]. The case studies from these issues improved our understanding of the history of parasites and the diversity of parasite populations over time. However, since most recently, research expanded geographically as well as methodologically, now is a fitting time to update the field in a new, dedicated volume. Therefore, to commemorate the event of ICOPA in Korea, and to present some of the most informed trends in archaeoparasitology, we planned the publication of a special issue under the title "A global perspective on ancient parasites and current research projects." Multiple articles in this special issue address the emergence of ancient parasitism, infection maintenance, and disease decline in different human groups. For East Asia, Zhan et al. traced the change of parasite infection rates in China and Korea for the past 2,000 years. They observed that the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis in Korea and China dropped earlier than did Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura during the 20th century. Yeh et al. also did a detailed research on the parasitism prevalent among Japanese police officers in Taiwan from 1920 to 1944, by the examination of latrine samples from the police station site. Seo et al. dealt with the late 19th century clinical report of Horace N. Allen, a physician and an American Presbyterian missionary. Allen once described many hemoptysis cases of Korean outpatients, assuming that they might have been mostly caused by paragonimiasis. Authors revisited the Allen’s assumption with clinical parasitological data recently obtained from Joseon period mummies. Some authors in this issue contributed the articles about ancient parasitism in Europe. Eskew et al. revealed the species of parasites that affected the inhabitants of the city of Acre during the Ottoman Period, by the analysis of the latrine sediment of the Ottoman Empire dating to the early 1800s. Dufour et al. carried out research on 5th to 9th century Merovingian specimens. They revealed the presence of gastrointestinal parasites, contributing to a better knowledge of parasitism among anISSN (Print) 0023-4001 ISSN (Online) 1738-0006

Preface for Special Section on Archaeoparasitology: A Global Perspective on Ancient Parasites and Current Research Projects