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It is imperative to investigate the psychopathology of culture-specific syndromes using a multi-faceted approach, considering their uneven distribution and region-specific concentration.1,2 Because culture-bound syndromes are closely related to cultural factors, understanding and management from a cultural perspective are warranted. Culture-bound syndromes cannot easily be conceptualized from the viewpoint of the pre-existing psychiatric classification system, which is mainly based on Western psychiatry. Thus, non-Western syndromes need to be described with proper characterization.3 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been the most prestigious taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by American Psychiatric Association (APA). The culture-bound syndromes have been changed into the cultural conceptualizations of distress—which include cultural syndromes, idioms of distress, and explanatory models—along with the revision of DSMIV to DSM-5, because DSM-5 emphasizes cultural formulation.4,5 In terms of cultural formulation, as shown in Table 1, South Korea has been mentioned four and five times in DSM-IV and DSM-5, respectively. In DSM-5, hwa-byung (anger syndrome) and taein-kong-po (fear of interpersonal relations) were introduced in the section of cultural concept of distress. Furthermore, it is described that both internet gaming disorder and alcohol-metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms are highly prevalent in Koreans.5

Korea in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition