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Thrombocytopenia is one of the most common hematologic disorders, characterized by an abnormally low number of platelets from multiple causes. The normal count of thrombocytes is between 150,000 and 450,000/microliter. The clinical expression of thrombocytopenia is a variation from asymptomatic to life-threatening bleeding. The immune thrombocytopenias include the idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and the post-transfusion purpura (PTP). ITP is a form of thrombocytopenia, caused by autoantibodies, which are mostly accompanied by bleeding. TTP is a rare disease of unclear genesis and a poor prognosis with polyetiological complex, which the kidneys and brain as target organs. PTP is also a rare bleeding disorders caused by alloantibody specific to platelet antigens. Therapeutic apheresis (TA) is accepted as supportive therapy in all immune thrombocytopenia. Further second-line therapies are the human monoclonal antibodies (HMA) and thrombopoietin receptors agonists (TPO-RAs). Besides, the pathological aspects, the first-line and second-line therapies are shown.

Thrombocytopenia Treated with Therapeutic Apheresis, and/or Human Monoclonal Antibodies, and/or Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists