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Visceral Leishmaniasis which is also known as kala-azar is one of the most alarming vector borne Disease in Bangladesh. Kala-azar elimination program was launched in Bangladesh in the year 2008. The primary goal of this program is to decrease the burden of Visceral Leishmaniasis as much as possible. Active case search method are currently using for detection of Visceral Leishmaniasis patient in the community. The successful active case search activity or method lies in preventing and reducing Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to assess the Active Case Search activity of Visceral Leishmaniasis Elimination Program in selective endemic area in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted within the time frame of 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 at different unions of Fulbaria upazila in Mymensingh district using purposive sampling technique according to availability of the respondents and data was collected with pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire by face to face interview. A total number of 111 respondents were enrolled in this study as per selection criteria. Among 111 respondent’s male were 71(64%) and female were 40(36%) and 36 (32.4%) were farmer, 29 (26.1%) were students of different classes, 20 (18%) women were housewife, 11 (9.9%) respondents were in service, 6 (5.4%) were day Laborer and 7 (6.3%) had other profession. Regarding housing status most of them {81(72.98%)} had the kacha housing and only a few respondents {3 (2.7%)} had pakka housing. According to the distance of cowshed or cattle house of the majority of the respondents 95(85.6%) were in the nearest location from living room (Less than 12 feet). Among 111 respondents most of them {78(70.3%)} suffered from kala-azar and 33(29.7%) not suffered from kalaazar in the study area and among these 78 respondents 62(77.5%) found Post kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) spot on the body. Most of them 80(72.1%) stated that there was no regular routine visit of the health worker. 90 (81.1%) respondents mentioned that the frequency of Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) was once in a year and 21(18.9%) mentioned 2 times in a year. Among 111 respondents 78(70.27%) mentioned that last supply of Long Lasting Insecticide Net (LLIN) was more than 1 year ago,18(16.22%) mentioned before 6 month and 15(13.51%) before 1 year. This study permits to conclude that Active Case Search Activity of Visceral Leishmaniasis program in Bangladesh facing challenges due to lack of monitoring and supervision. Without strengthening of active case search activity, it is impossible to reach the goal. TAJ 2015; 28: No-2: 26-39 1 District Trainer, UNICEF-ICMH 2 Medical Officer, Hospital Services Management, DGHS. 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Faridpur Medical College. 4 Ex Student of MPH, NIPSOM Introduction Visceral Leishmeniasis is a disease of immense public health importance in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. It mostly affects the poorest population TAJ December 2015; Volume 28 Number-2 groups among marginalized communities living primarily in rural areas. Elimination of Visceral Leishmeniasis in countries of the WHO SouthEast Asia (SEA) Region is feasible because of its unique epidemiological features. Annually 500,000 visceral Leishmaniasis cases are reported globally. An estimated 147 million people are at risk in three South Asian countriesBangladesh, India and Nepal with about 100,000 cases occurring annually. The disease is predominant in the poor and marginalized communities (BeNazir A, et al. 2014). Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) / kala-azar (KA) is a severe chronic disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania donovani complex. The disease is lethal if left untreated and affects approximately half a million new patients annually worldwide, with 60% of new cases on the Indian sub-continent. The method for this review included VL surveillance data of the Disease Control Unit of the Directorate General of Health Services, the Government of Bangladesh, national and international expert opinion on VL control in Bangladesh from a recently held advocacy meeting on VL in November 2012 in Dhaka [organized by the Disease Control Unit of the Directorate General of Health Services, Bangladesh and Program For Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)], and information from the published literature (Khatun J, et al. 2014). Bangladesh has set the target of elimination of Kala-azar from Bangladesh by 2017. The goal is to reduce the annual incidence of Kala-azar to less than 1 patient per 10 thousand populations. The strategic objectives are to ensure early diagnosis and complete management of the cases, implement integrated vector management, patient and vector surveillance and conduct operational research (WHO,2015). Defeating kala-azar is a task that involves challenges. These include early detection of all kala-azar and post-kala-azar dermal Leishmaniasis cases, improved treatment for postkala-azar dermal Leishmaniasis cases, and presentation for and compliance with treatment (Mondal D, et al.2010). Material and Methods This study was carried out to assess the status of Active Case Search of Visceral Leishmaniasis in endemic areas of Bangladesh. The following methodology followed to conduct the study.The study was undertaken with the objective to assess the status of Active Case Search of Visceral Leishmaniasis in endemic areas of Bangladeshby descriptive type of Cross-sectional Study. The study was conducted in Pre-eliminated kala-azar endemic area; seven unions of Fulbaria upazila in Mymensingh district were considered for data collection area.This study was conducted from 1 January, 2016 to 31 December, 2016. Total 111 respondents were taken part in interview schedule from selected data collection area. Data was collected with a pre-tested structured questionnaire by face to face interview and record review − The data collection spots (community clinic/union sub center/ UHC/ school) were published to the community prior to data collection with the help of announcing in the mosque or milking. − At data collection spot, to identify the suspected case the temperature of the respondent was measured, the spleen was examined and the hypo-pigmented macular lesion of PKDL patients was tested. Socio-demographic data were collected by interviewing the respondents or legal guardian with semi-structured questionnaire. TAJ December 2015; Volume 28 Number-2 4. Results Table 1: Distribution of the respondents according to their age n=111 Table-1 shows that total 111 respondents were grouped into 4 different age groups. Among them 39(35.1%) were in 16 to 30 years age group, 36(32.4%) were in 31 to 50 year, 29(26.1%) were in 6 to 15 years and 7(6.3%) were more than 50 years. Where minimum age was 6 years and maximum was 66 years. The mean age was 27.23 years. (Table 1) Fig 1: Pie chart showing the distribution of the respondents according to their sex Among the 111 respondents 71(64%) were Male and 40(36%) were female. (Fig 1) Age group (years) Frequency Percentage (%)

Active Case Search of Kala-azar in an Endemic Area of Bangladesh: