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Gafargaon upazila has been floristically explored to identify and assess the angiospermic flora that resulted in occurrence of 203 taxa under 174 genera and 75 families. Magnoliopsida is represented by 167 taxa under 140 genera and 62 families, while Liliopsida is constituted by 36 taxa belonging to 34 genera and 13 families. Vegetation analysis shows that herbs are represented by 106 taxa, shrubs 35, trees 54, and climbers by 8 species. In Magnoliopsida, Solanaceae is the largest family possessing 10 species, whereas in Liliopsida, Poaceae is the largest family with 12 species. The study has identified 45 medicinal plants which are used for treatment of over 40 diseases including diabetes, ulcer, diarrhoea, dysentery, fever, cold and cough, menstrual problems, blood pressure and urinary disorders by the local people. Some noticeable medicinal plants used in primary healthcare are Abroma augusta (L.) L.f., Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt., Commelina benghalensis L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Holarrhena antidysenterica Flem., Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC., Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) Robinson, Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. A few number of species are also employed in cultural festivals in the study area. Cardamine flexuosa With., Oxystelma secamone (L.) Karst., Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet, Piper sylvaticum Roxb., Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers and Trema orientalis L. have been found to be rare in the investigated area. In order to preserve botanical resources of Gafargaon upazila, particularly the rare, threatened and medicinal plants, conservation measures need to be undertaken through both in-situ and ex-situ methods for their sustainable use. Introduction Gafargaon upazila under Mymensingh district is located in 24o15' to 24o33'N and 90o27' to 90o39'E with an area of 401.16 sq. km. The upazila is bounded by Trishal and Nandail upazilas on the north, Kapasia and Sreepur upazilas on the south, Hossainpur and Pakundia upazilas on the east, and Trishal, Bhaluka, and Sreepur upazilas on the west (Fig. 1). The climate of Gafargaon is moderate as other parts of the district, as it is closer to the Himalayas and in the tropical monsoon zone. The temperature of the area varies from 9oC to 37oC. The maximum monthly average humidity ranges from 81 to 97%, while the minimum monthly average humidity ranges from 47 to 79% illustrates the monthly variations of humidity in the area (BBS, 2018). The Gafargaon upazila presents diverse habitats and ecosystems comprising wetland, cultivated land, char, homestead area, scrub jungles, fallow lands, etc. which support dense formation of angiosperms and play a pivotal role in the local economy, environment and primary healthcare system. However, the ecosystems of Gafargaon have been depleted due to anthropogenic interferences over the years. As a result, many plant species have become rare and Corresponding author. Email: oliur.bot@du.ac.bd; prof.oliurrahman@gmail.com

Angiospermic flora of Gafargaon upazila of Mymensingh district focusing on medicinally important species