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Rhodes grasses (Chloris gayana Kunth) inoculated with Glomus mosseae were grown under the influence of Azospirillum (biotic factor), IAA (abiotic factor) and Hoagland’s solution (abiotic factor). The effectiveness of each factor was evaluated by measuring mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers. The pot culture experiment was carried out under polyhouse condition and observations were recorded at 45, 90 and 120 days of plant growth. The harvest date finely influenced the size of mycorrhizal inoculum. But, all biotic and abiotic factors had a greater influence on root colonization and spore multiplication than harvest time. The agents on application in conjunction favourably enhanced root infection and spore multiplication as compared to their solo treatments, with Azospirillum + Hoagland’s solution application posing to be the best. This not only stimulated mycorrhizal development, but also accelerated the root growth. Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are obligate biotrophic fungi forming symbiotic relationship with the roots of many plants. Despite immense potential of AM fungus to increase crop yield, the obligate biotrophic nature of AM fungus has complicated the development of cost-efficient large scale production methods to obtain high-quality AM fungal inoculum (IJdo et al. 2010). AM fungal propagules comprising mycelium or infected root pieces, and soil borne spores are termed as inoculum (Daniels and Skipper 1982). Several cultural techniques viz., pot culture, soilless culture, hydroponic culture, aeroponic culture, and root organ culture based on this constraint are applicable for commercial scale production of AM inoculum (Jarstfer and Sylvia 1992). These are two-member (plant and fungus) systems, technically feasible and hold commercial potential. But importantly, all of them involve extended culture periods of several months, making AM inoculants relatively expensive to produce. As such, development of rapid and more efficient culture system remains an important challenge for commercialization. The mycorrhizal colonization and subsequent spore multiplication are solely influenced by biotic factors (presence of microorganisms qualitatively, and quantitatively) (Bhowmik and Singh 2004); abiotic factors (temperature, presence of heavy metals, soil nutrient status, pH, moisture etc.) in its ecological niche (Douds et al. 2006) and harvest date (Al-Raddad 1995) among many others. However, optimization of biotic factor(s) with abiotic factor(s) to maximize AM inoculum in a short time is meager. Here the possible use of Azospirillum (biotic factor) with IAA and Hoalgland’s solution in probable combinations and optimized AM fungal root colonization and sporulation in a short period was explored. In order to deduce the best time for harvesting AM inoculum; the relationship of root infection, and spore production to plant age was also recorded. *Author for correspondence: .

Rapid mass multiplication of Glomus mosseae inoculum as influenced by some biotic and abiotic factors