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The modification of sodium montmorillonite (MMT-Na) through the incorporation of n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTACl) cations into the clay’s interlayer spaces has been studied. Alkylammonium concentrations equivalent to 10–200% times the cation exchange capacity of the clay were used. The conformation of the surfactant cations in the confined space of the silicate galleries was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Infrared spectroscopy (IR). High resolution thermogravimetric analysis shows that the thermal decomposition of modified montmorillonite occurs in three steps. The first step of mass loss is related to dehydration of adsorbed water and water hydrating metal cations such as Na. The second step of mass loss is attributed to the decomposition of surfactant. The third step is due to the loss of OH units during the dehydroxylation of the montmorillonite. The conformation of the surfactant cations in the confined space of the silicate galleries is investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. These analyses are very important for any attempt to incorporate the organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) particles into different media for various applications such as polymer nanocomposite preparation.

STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANO-MONTMORILLONITES (OMMT) STUDIED BY XRD, TGA and DSC: THE ROLE OF SURFACTANT AGENT CONCENTRATION