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The article briefly describes the life path, as well as the history of the formation of the horizons of the famous Russian scientist-mechanic, professor, Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire Ivan Alekseevich Vyshnegradsky. By 1862, Ivan Alekseevich had already visited several European countries and received the title of professor. From the same year, Vyshnegradsky’s activity began at the St. Petersburg Practical Technological Institute, in which he lectured on mechanical theory of heat and the theory of steam engines, was appointed a member of the study committee. On his initiative, the Department of Metal and Wood Technology was restored. In 1871, a mechanical laboratory was founded at the institute for scientific research on the resistance of building materials and for hydraulics experiments. In 1875, Vyshnegradsky was appointed director of the institute, continuing his teaching activities. Among the machines he designed: an automatic press for the manufacture of prismatic powder, lifting machines, a press for testing materials, a mechanical material handler (for a river port), etc. Features of economic policy of I. A. Vyshnegradsky consisted in the desire to increase the gold reserve of the empire and increase Russia's influence on the international economy and politics. For him, the most important and only task was the visible improvement of Russian finance in a short time. Favorable conditions were artificially created for heavy industry, which became a priority among the interests of the Ministry of Finance, often to the detriment of the interests of all agriculture. Under Vyshnegradsky, the export of Russian bread more than doubled. Stimulated the export of not only surplus bread, but also part of the necessary stocks of peasants. As a minister, he led the redemption of unprofitable railways, undertook control and financial (1889-1890) and tariff (1889) reforms in the railway sector. Conducted the conversion of state (external and internal) loans, which helped to reduce payments on public debt, lower interest, streamline public debt.

vìsnik shìdnoukraïnsʹkogo nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu ìmenì volodimira dalâ

Life path and the formation of scientific and political horizons of the scientisr-mechanic, minister of finance of the Russian empire I. A. Vyshegradsky