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The dispute over the land occupied by the Potiguara Indians has been carried out in historical waves. It began with the Portuguese colonial invasions in the 16th century and the effective occupation of the Paraiban coast (between 1585 and 1634) with the sugarcane plantations. In the 1970s the textile industrial complex was installed. The sugar and alcohol agribusiness grew, and in the 2000s shrimp production in artificial ponds was incentivized by state. Based on this scenario, the objective of this article is to analyze the process of recovery of land tenure in favor of the Potiguara, in a dispute involving the Lundgren family, the sugar mills, the National Indian Foundation, the Federal Public Ministry and the Federal Government. The research with an ethnographic approach consisted of reviewing the state of the art, conducting interviews and mapping areas of conflict. The territorial dispute in the Potiguara Montemor Indigenous Land was more clearly identified during the reterritorialization movement caused by the indigenous struggles. The reconquest of the lands was ensured by Brasilian legislation that protects the rights of indigenous peoples, concerning the exclusive usufruct of their lands and respect for their customs and political organization, as expressed in art. 231 of Federal Constitution. The resolution of land conflicts in IL Potiguara Montemor requires their lands demarcation, in order to guarantee their territory, have access to indigenous policies and to mitigate the impacts of economic projects.

TERRA INDÍGENA EM DISPUTA: A RETERRITORIALIZAÇÃO DOS POTIGUARA NA TERRA INDÍGENA POTIGUARA MONTEMOR/PARAÍBA/BRASIL