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Slope stability analyses are used in a wide variety of geotechnical engineering problems including not only the design of cut and fill slopes, and the stability evaluation of natural slopes, but also the analysis of past landslides to investigate failure mechanism. Several factors for the slope stability analysis, however, are uncertain and difficult to measure, especially the variations of shear strength parameter values of the cohesive soils and the variation of groundwater condition. The ring shear test apparatus is commonly used for obtaining the residual shear strength parameters. As the measured values of shear strength parameters are variable under the condition of shear rates and the different types of ring shear apparatus, the assessment and determination of these values are still difficult geotechnical problems. In this paper, in order to elucidate the failure mechanism of the Kokugawa landslide, firstly, ring shear tests are performed to investigate the residual shear strength of soils from the sliding surface and three pairs of the residual strength parameters are obtained ; Secondly, considering the variation of groundwater table, 3D stability analyses are carried out to confirm that which pair of cohesion and frictional angle can interpret the failure of the Kokugawa landslide ; Thirdly, the stress-strain behavior disturbed by the infiltration of snowmelt water in the slope of the Kokugawa landslide site is analyzed by Flac3D(Itasca software)program. The failure surface as indicated by the accumulation of shear strain zone is concordant with the sliding surface interpreted from the borehole logs. 2.Outline of the Kokugawa landslide The Kokugawa landslide in Itakura district, Joetsu City is located in the Higashi-Kubiki hilly terrain, the southwestern area of Niigata Prefecture(Fig.1). This area is known as not only one of the heaviest snowy areas but also one of the densely distributed landslide areas in Japan. On March7,2012, surface cracks in the upper part of the slope were noted at approximately 2:00pm and subsequently the main scrap of the landslide was extended to about30meters in the afternoon of March8. The landslide slumped as a coherent mass of material, and traveled out of the hillslope, and moved about250m along the flat paddy field(Fig.2). The average width of the landslide is approximately 150m and the length of the source failure area is approximately 500m. The depth of the sliding surface ranging from30m to20m was detected by observation of several drill cores. The volume of the displaced soil mass is estimated to be 750,000m. 11 houses were ■Analysis of failure mechanics of the2012Kokugawa Landslide caused by snowmelt, Niigata Prefecture

Analysis of failure mechanics of the 2012 Kokugawa Landslide caused by snowmelt, Niigata Prefecture