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In this paper a metaheuristic algorithm composed of particle swarm, ray optimization, and harmony search (HRPSO) is presented for optimal design of truss structures. This algorithm is based on the particle swarm ray origin making is used to update the positions of the particles, and for enhancing the exploitation of the algorithm the harmony search is utilized. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the HRPSO method compared to some standard metaheuristic algorithms.

An efficient hybrid particle swarm strategy, ray optimizer, and harmony search algorithm for optimal design of truss structures