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Salmonella enterica  subsp.  enterica  serovar Typhimurium (ST) is an intracellularly parasitic bacterium. This zoonotic pathogen causes food poisoning and thus imposes a severe threat to food safety. Here, to understand the regulatory roles of the novel transcription factor STM0859 on the response of ST to environmental stress and biofilm formation, the  STM0859  gene-deficient strain and the complementation strain  ΔSTM0859/STM0859  were generated, respectively. Then, its capacity of responding to environmental stresses and biofilm (BF) formation ability under different stresses, including acid, alkali, high salt, cholate, and oxidative stresses was tested. We further analyzed the interaction between the STM0859 protein and the promoter of the acid stress response-related gene  rcsB  by performing an electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results showed that acid resistance and BF formation capacities of ST- ΔSTM0859  strain were significantly weaker, as compared with those of  Salmonella  Typhimurium SL1344 (ST-SL1344) wild strain ( p  &lt; 0.01). Quantitative qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of acid stress and BF formation-related genes,  rcsB  and  rpoS , of ST- ΔSTM0859  strain were significantly reduced at the transcription levels, while the transcription levels of these genes were fully restored in complementation strain ST- ΔSTM0859 / STM0859 . The results of EMSA showed that STM0859 was capable of binding the promoter DNA fragments of the  rcsB  gene, suggesting that STM0859 can promote the transcription of the  rcsB  gene through interaction with its promoter, thereby exerting an indirectly regulatory role on the adaptive responses to acid stress and BF formation of ST. This study provided new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of the LysR family factors on the tolerances of ST under adverse environmental stresses.

A Novel LysR Family Factor STM0859 is Associated with The Responses of Salmonella Typhimurium to Environmental Stress and Biofilm Formation