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"There is a power in film that just cannot be captured with words," wrote a student about a documentary on the Vietnam War, summing up the general sentiment of the class. Documentaries are invaluable tools for teaching the Vietnam War within an American survey course, a twentieth-century course, or a course on the war itself. They vivify events, present information, serve as springboards for discussion, and offer windows into the changing public memory of the war. They assist visual and auditory learners. They provide unique insights; several students have commented that they gained a more nuanced understanding of a policymaker by seeing him on film. At the same time, teaching with a documentary film offers an opportunity to teach film literacy skills. Students tend to watch documentaries with more trust than they give other sources. One ofmy students once clinched an argument with "I know it's true. I saw it on the History Channel." Students tend not to question film as they would documents regarding purpose, audience, and evidence. They don't fully notice the editing, images, or music that support or undermine a speaker's credibility and create an argument. 1 Using film in the classroom can open discussions of the war and of film techniques. Below is a selection of films that present an overview of the war and stimulate classroom discussions. Nominated for an Academy Award for best documentary, In the Year of the Pig reflects its 1968 release date in its sense of urgency and its assumption that the viewer has a basic level of background knowledge. For this reason, it is best watched after students have completed readings or lecture. The film is an impassioned but reasoned protest. Dispensing with a narrator, director Emile de Antonio presents a montage of film clips in which successive experts contradict each other and visual evidence contradicts spoken testimony. The emergent argument is that United States strategists erred in their initial reasons for intervention, that the war was unnecessary. If the viewer accepts de Antonio's argument, then the war's brutality as portrayed in the film becomes the more terrible because it is on behalf of mistake. In the Year of the Pig is strong on the historical origins of the war both in Vietnam and the U.S. The viewer might not always agree with de Antonio, but his film is rich in information and imagery that makes it both a powerful starting point for discussion and a helpful supplement to

Student Hearts and Minds:Teaching the Vietnam War with Documentary Films