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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are highly efficient energy conversion devices which can convert chemical energy directly into electricity without combustion. The major hurdle to SOFCs is the requirement of high operating temperature (>800 ◦C), which leads to a technological challenge for materials development and thermal management. Thus reducing the operating temperature of SOFCs to intermediate temperature (500-800 ◦C) range or even low temperature range (<500 ◦C) would greatly benefit the wide application of SOFC technology. Reducing the electrolyte thickness and/or utilizing proton-conducting electrolytes are two efficient approaches to reduce the operating temperature of SOFCs, as well as maintain high output power density. This work is dedicated to achieve high performance SOFCs at low operating temperature of 300-500 ◦C by using micro-SOFCs (μSOFCs) with proton-conducting thin film electrolytes. First, the chemical stability of nanoscale Y-BaCeO3 (BCY) proton-conducting electrolyte under μ-SOFCs operating environments is investigated. BCY-based SOFC shows a maximum power density of 30 mW/cm and an OCV of 0.59 V at 400 ◦C. The OCV decreases dramatically as testing temperature increases. The low OCV value and poor fuel cell performance originated from the cracks formed during test. Y-BaCeZrO3 (BCZY) electrolyte is employed to enhance the chemical stability and performance of cerium-based ceramic electrolytes. Both the OCV and fuel cell performance of BCZY-based SOFC have great improvement compared with BCY SOFC. The maximum power density has increased to 89 mW/cm at 400 ◦C, which is nearly 3 times that of BCY-based SOFC. The OCV was maintained at around 1.0 V, showing that BCZY is a promising electrolyte candidate with essential ionic conductivity and chemical stability for low temperature SOFC application. In order to enhance the sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at low temperature, a cathodic modification method was introduced. High performance μ-SOFC using chemical stable Y-BaZrO3 (BZY) electrolyte was obtained xv

Low temperature micro solid oxide fuel cells with proton-conducting ceramic electrolytes