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The dissertation presents a three-dimensional (3-D) steady computational model and a two-dimensional (2-D) unsteady model using developed programs, together with experimental studies, to investigate effects of inclination and rotation on natural convection characteristic from an array of discrete heat sources in a closed enclosure. Effects of inclination on natural convection in a rectangular cavity with a 3x3 array of discrete heaters on one wall are presented firstly. Generally, the heaters in the same row have almost the same temperature in the experiments, due to weak velocity in the horizontal direction. In-depth 2-D and 3-D numerical simulations for laminar flow are implemented and validated by experimental results. Complex flow pattern evolution, flow field, and temperature fields are observed due to interactions of buoyancy forces tangential and normal to the heater surfaces. With increasing Ra*, the flow pattern evolutions with three main characteristics are identified in the horizontal orientation (heated from below): toroidal convection, bimodal convection and R-B convection. The horizontal orientation is the most desirable orientation for heat transfer. When the enclosure is inclined toward this orientation, the flow and temperature fields become complex and distorted, which greatly enhance heat transfer for the top row of heaters. Edge effect increases heat transfer greatly. In the situation that the effects of edge can be negligible or small, the results of 2-D model are close to those of 3-D model. The effect of Prandtl number in the range 0.7 to 120, to the overall Nusselt number, is small. Optimal locations of the discrete heat sources in the vertical orientation are not uniform after the onset of convection. Increasing Ra* value has the effect of pushing the heat sources towards the starting cold current of the clockwise circulation. i ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

Effects of inclination and rotation on the convective heat transfer characterstics of discrete heat sources