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Lighting geometry, which refers to the relationship between lighting conditions, object geometry or appearance and various lighting interaction phenomenons, is a fundamental issue in many computer graphics and computer vision problems. The challenges of lighting geometry related problems lie in the complex interactions between environment lights and objects, the diversity of lighting sources, the high computational cost and so on. This thesis investigates two specific lighting geometry related topics: environment matting and 3D reconstruction, where the former is with controllable lighting conditions and the latter is with general unknown illumination conditions. Our goal is to design and develop some effective and efficient algorithms which exploit lighting geometry property to improve the performance of the existing algorithms. First of all, considering that the state-of-the-art real-time environment matting and compositing method is short of flexibility, in the sense that it has to repeat the entire complex matte acquisition process if the distance between the object and the background is different from that in the acquisition stage, and also lacks accuracy, in the sense that it can only remove noises but not errors, we introduce the concept of refractive vector and propose to use a refractive vector field as a new representation for environment matte. Such refractive vector field provides great flexibility for transparent object environment matting and compositing. Particularly, with only one process of the matte acquisition and the refractive vector field extraction, we are able to composite the transparent object into an arbitrary background at any distance. Furthermore, we introduce novel light vector field fitting algorithms to simultaneously remove both noises and errors contained in the extracted matte data. Experimental results show that our method is less sensitive to artifacts and can generate perceptually good composition results for more general scenarios.

Lighting geometry aware environment matting and 3D reconstruction