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Salt stress induces overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and accumulated ROS cause secondary oxidative damage. One source of ROS production is the reduction of O2 to form singlet oxygen (O2) or superoxide radical (O2) (Mittler 2002). To cope with the damage of ROS, plants have developed an efficient ROS scavenging machinery, consisting of a set of nonenzymatic compounds and enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GTR) (Mittler 2002). SOD serves as the first defense line to convert O2 to hydrogen peroxide (Fridovich 1995). SOD family constitutes three classes, copper-zinc SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD), iron SOD (Fe-SOD) and manganese SOD (Mn-SOD). Of them, Cu/Zn-SOD has been found to enhance tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants (Allen 1995, Gill et al. 2015). On the other hand, suitable amount of ROS is necessary for the development and response to environmental stimuli, because ROS play crucial regulatory performance in numerous biological processes (Mittler et al. 2011, Suzuki et al. 2012, Sierla et al. 2013). ROS content is governed by ROS production and scavenging pathways and there is a close link between the two systems (Miller et al. 2009). Thus, the improvement of ROS scavenging could not ensure the enhancement of tolerance to abiotic stresses. For example, the overexpression of a tobacco SOD gene did not alter tolerance toward oxidative stress (Pitcher et al. 1991). These findings suggest SOD function in abiotic stress response via the mechanisms more complicated than simply scavenging ROS, which have not been addressed well so far. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crops, but it has only limited resistance to abiotic stresses. We previously bred a wheat cultivar Shi8 with remarkable salt tolerance. Here, we identified an abiotic stress responsive Cu/Zn SOD gene TaSOD5, and

Ectopic expression of a wheat superoxide dismutase gene TaSOD5 enhances salt and oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis