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Microdochium nivale causes pink snow mould a destructive disease of seedlings, stem bases, and ears of winter grasses and cereals. Glucanase and chitinase belong to pathogenesis-related proteins and exhibit a specific activity in response to pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the activity of these enzymes in the leaves of chosen forage grasses during Microdochium nivale infection. Different cultivars of Festuca arudinacea, F. pratensis, Festulolium brauni, Lolium multiflorum, and L. perenne were prehardened at 12 °C and hardened at 2 °C and then inoculated with M. nivale mycelium. Leaf samples were collected before infection, as well as two, four, and eight days after inoculation. Each cultivar showed a specific pattern of changes in the enzymatic activities in response to M. nivale infection. We conclude that a rapid increase in glucanase and chitinase activities after M. nivale attack enhanced resistance to this pathogen and may be recognized as a physiological marker of grass resistance to this snow mould. Additional key words: forage grasses; pathogenesis-related proteins; snow mould. Submitted 7 February 2020, last revision 25 May 2020, accepted 8 June 2020. Abbreviations: ARI average regrowth index; ASI average severity index; CHT chitinase; dai – days after inoculation; GLC β-1,3glucanase; PPFD photosynthetic photon flux density; PR pathogenesis-related. Acknowledgements: Seeds of perennial ryegrass cvs. Darius and Taya were kindly provided by Prof. Maria Prończuk (Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization in Radzików, Poland). The M. nivale isolate 3/98 was kindly provided by Dr. Ingerd Skow Hofgaard (Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research NIBIO, Ås, Norway). This work was supported by the subsidy of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education to maintain research potential and resources of the University of Agriculture in Kraków for scientific research within biological sciences. * Corresponding author; e-mail: katarzyna.marzecschmidt@gmail.com This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND Licence

Rapid increases in β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities are markers of resistance to Microdochium nivale in grasses of the Lolium‑Festuca complex