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In this work, the thermal degradation and drying of bio-hardeners are investigated. Four bio-hardeners based on exudates of  Senegalia senegal ,  Vachellia nilotica ,  Vachellia seyal , and  Acacia siebteriana  were analyzed by FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis, and a desorption study was also conducted. The analysis by infrared spectroscopy indicates the existence of oligomers of different types all giving 5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylfuran and 2, 5-dihydroxymethylfuran which are then the real hardening molecules. The pyrolysis of these extracts reveals three main regions of mass loss, a first region is located between 25°C and 110°C reflecting the loss of water from the adhesive and the formation of some traces of volatile organic compounds such as CO 2  and CO, a second zone characterized by the release of CO, CO 2  and CH 4  gases with peaks between 110° and 798.8°C. At the end of the analysis, about 22% of the initial mass remains undecomposed, this mass corresponds to the rigid segments of the bio-hardener which are not completely decomposed.

Desorption Behavior and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Bio-Hardeners