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The global consumption of p-xylene (PX) for the production of polymers has raised serious concerns about its impact on the environment. As various reports have shown the risks that PX could pose to human health, research into cost-effective remedial methods to remove PX from the environment has gained attraction. In this work, a hierarchical porous crab shell biochar (KCS) was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for its efficiency to remove PX from aqueous solution. The characterizations of KCS, including the porous structure, surface functional group, phase structure, and surface morphology, were discussed by N 2  adsorption-desorption, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of PX on KCS was 393 mg/g within 5 min, larger than most biological/biomass materials, mainly due to the higher specific surface area of 2046 m 2 /g, and abundant lipophilic functional groups. Subsequent adsorption kinetics study indicated a pseudo-second-order model which implied that the adsorption of PX was due to chemisorption. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the values of ΔH° and ΔG° were both negative, indicating that the PX adsorption process on KCS was spontaneous and exothermic. The performance of KCS in delivering a cost-effective, fast, and efficient solution for the removal of PX from aqueous solution would greatly benefit current environmental remediation efforts.

Highly Efficient Adsorption of P-Xylene from Aqueous Solutions by Hierarchical Nanoporous Biochar Derived from Crab Shell