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A closed-form solution to the angles-only initial relative orbit determination (IROD) problem for space rendezvous with non-cooperated target is developed, where a method of hybrid dynamics with the concept of virtual formation is introduced to analytically solve the problem. Emphasis is placed on developing the solution based on hybrid dynamics (i.e., Clohessy-Wiltshire equations and two-body dynamics), obtaining formation geometries that produce relative orbit state observability, and deriving the approximate analytic error covariance for the IROD solution. A standard Monte Carlo simulation system based on two-body dynamics is used to verify the feasibility and evaluate the performance proposed algorithms. The sensitivity of the solution accuracy to the formation geometry, observation numbers is presented and discussed.

Analytic Initial Relative Orbit Solution for Angles-Only Space Rendezvous Using Hybrid Dynamics Method