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Objectives:  To determine immediate and long-term follow-up of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children.  Background:  National antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) guideline for infective endocarditis changed after 2009, the effect on practice of PDA closure is unknown.  Methods:  Observational single center study analyzing follow-up of PDA closure comparing two time periods before (2002–2009) and after (2010–2019) changes in AP guideline.  Results:  332 patients (68.1% female), median (interquartile range) age 3.0 years (1.5–5.7) and body weight 14.0 kg (10.0–19.3), were enrolled. PDA morphology was conical type A (50.3%), window type B (1.2%), tubular type C (40.1%), complex type D (2.1%), elongated type E (0.9%) and other (5.4%). Minimal PDA diameter and length were 1.9 mm (1.3–2.5) and 8.0 mm (6.2–10.2). PDA was closed using coils (56.3%), Amplatzer Duct Occluders (41.9%) and others (1.8%). Complete closure rate was 61.1% at catheter intervention, 72.3% on day 1, 87.7% after 6 months and 98.4% at last follow-up on echocardiography. Moderate complication rate (severity level 3) was 4.2% and major complication rate (severity level 4) 0.3%, with no catastrophic complications (severity level 5). Annual PDA closure rate declined in the second time period (22.6/year  vs . 15.5/year,  p  = 0.018), PDA size increased (1.6 mm  vs.  2.0 mm,  p  = 0.002) and proportion of coils decreased (72.4%  vs.  37.1%,  p  &lt; 0.001).  Conclusions:  Interventional closure of PDA is associated with excellent closure rates during follow-up (&gt;98%) and only a small number of complications leading to reintervention or surgery. Change in AP guidelines changed indication for and practice of PDA closure.

congenital heart disease

Immediate and Long-Term Results of Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus—Comparison of Two Decades before and after Change in Antibiotic Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis Guidelines