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Background    Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Immune features play an important role in improving the prognosis prediction of BC. However, while previous immune signatures consisted mainly of immune genes, immune cell-based signatures have been rarely reported.Methods    In this study, we report that a novel immune cell signature is effective in improving prognostic prediction by combining M2 macrophages. We identified 17 differentially infiltrating immune cells between cancer and normal groups. Prognostic features of the four immune cells identified by LASSO COX analysis showed good performance for survival risk stratification in both the training and validation datasets. Independent prognostic analysis showed that M2 macrophages were significantly associated with survival in BC patients and both the cells and the risk score were the main prognostic factors independent of survival in BC patients.Results    Therefore, we combined M2 macrophages and risk scores to create a nomogram with good prognostic predictive power. Finally, we attempted to study the effect of M2 on M2 macrophage progression in BC  in vitro . BC cells cultured with M2 macrophage-conditioned medium exhibited distinct malignant features, including migration and invasion.Conclusion    The findings suggest that M2 macrophages are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients possibly by promoting tumor invasion and migration. This work may provide a new strategy for prognostic prediction and immunotherapy in BC.

biocell

M2 macrophages predicted the prognosis of breast cancer by combing a novel immune cell signature and promoted cell migration and invasion of cancer cells  in vitro