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The placenta is a highly specialized tissue that serves a number of crucial functions for survival of the foetus. It allows the foetus to receive oxygen and nutrition before it can breathe or nourish itself. The placenta releases multiple hormones that initiate and maintain the essential changes of pregnancy in both the mother and the foetus. (1, 2)The normal human placenta averages 22 cm (9 inch) in length and 2–2.5 cm (0.8–1 inch) in thickness, with the center being the thickest, and the edges being the thinnest. It typically weighs approximately 500 grams (1 lb). It has a dark reddishblue or crimson color. It connects to the fetus by an umbilical cord of approximately 55–60 cm (22–24 inch) in length, which contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord inserts into the chorionic plate (has an eccentric attachment). Abnormalities in the placenta raise concerns not only for the healthy growth of the foetus but also the antenatal and perinatal health status of the mother. (46) It has been observed that survival and growth of the fetus is affected by different aspects of the placental morphology, and its efficient functioning. Different factors affect the placental morphology and physiology. During pregnancy, complications like hypertension and gestational diabetes make changes in the placenta.(10-13) A previous surgery makes the next pregnancy vulnerable to different complications due to the associated post-operative changes in the uterus. Careful examination of the placenta 3 can give information which can be useful in the management of complications in the mother and the fetus.(3) Hence sonography has a large role to play in the screening of the placenta to be able to preempt possible complications. Thereby the Radiologist can help the clinician to be better prepared to handle complications efficiently. Obstetrical haemorrhage continues to be an important cause of maternal mortality, accounting for 15-20% of maternal deaths. Recent epidemiological studies have also found that the strongest risk factor for Abnormal Trophoblastic invasion is a previous LSCS where a failure of decidualisation in the area of a previous uterine scar can have an impact on both implantation and placentation.[14] The absence of Decidua Basalis precludes to abnormal villous migration/adherence in this region. The incidence of LSCS has been rising [15] in the past 3 decades. With the increased number of Caesarean sections, the number of pregnancies with previous LSCS rises as well. Abnormal placentation can result in life threatening maternal complications [16-18] such as haemorrhage and shock and increased number of cases of Caesarean Hysterectomies. Also seen, is an increase in adverse infant outcomes such as prematurity, still birth and neonatal death.

ULTRASOUND CORRELATION OF PLACENTA PREVIA IN ANC FEMALES WITH PREVIOUS LSCS PREGNANCIES