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A three-dimensional model based on Fast Interface Particle Interaction (FIPI) is developed for drying a single suspension droplet in processes with a high evaporation rate. The numerical model is able to describe consecutive states of the agglomeration process including droplet shrinkage, particles accumulation on droplet surface, and buckling. Also, the three-dimensional analysis sheds more light on the complex phenomena of buckling specially interaction of droplet interface and suspended solid particles. The model uses a Lagrangian approach for tracking suspended solid particles and Eulerian approach for the liquid phase. It is found that particle-induced surface pressure drives the buckling of suspension droplet. It is shown that the particleinduced surface pressure increases during evaporation until it reaches a threshold value at the onset of buckling. When the surface pressure is larger than surface tension, deformation of droplet originates in locations with lower concentration of particles. KeywordsBuckling, Suspension Droplet, Level Set,

Numerical Study of Drying of Suspension Droplets in High Rate Evaporation Processes