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In this viewpoint article, we discuss the electric properties of the mediumaround neurons, which are important to correctly interpret extracellularpotentials or electric field effects in neural tissue. We focus on how theseelectric properties shape the frequency scaling of brain signals at differentscales, such as intracellular recordings, the local field potential (LFP), theelectroencephalogram (EEG) or the magnetoencephalogram (MEG). These signalsdisplay frequency-scaling properties which are not consistent with resistivemedia. The medium appears to exert a frequency filtering scaling as$1/\sqrt{f}$, which is the typical frequency scaling of ionic diffusion. Such ascaling was also found recently by impedance measurements in physiologicalconditions. Ionic diffusion appears to be the only possible explanation toreconcile these measurements and the frequency-scaling properties found indifferent brain signals. However, other measurements suggest that theextracellular medium is essentially resistive. To resolve this discrepancy, weshow new evidence that metal-electrode measurements can be perturbed by shuntcurrents going through the surface of the brain. Such a shunt may explain thecontradictory measurements, and together with ionic diffusion, provides aframework where all observations can be reconciled. Finally, we propose amethod to perform measurements avoiding shunting effects, thus enabling to testthe predictions of this framework.

A framework to reconcile frequency scaling measurements, from intracellular recordings, local-field potentials, up to EEG and MEG signals