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The clinical evaluation of the disorders of consciousness (DOC) is challenging, leading to a high rate of misdiagnosis. Herein, we aimed to evaluate somatosensory responsiveness in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) patients using a vibrotactile P300-based BCI and explore its predictive role on consciousness recovery. Methods: 10 UWS patients were enrolled and participated in a BCI session including two vibrotactile paradigms (i.e. VT2 and VT3). All patients were followed up for six months after the BCI assessment. A correlation analysis was used to evaluate whether the VT2 and VT3 Accuracy rates were associated with the clinical outcome. Results: Four UWS patients showed clear responsiveness at the vibrotactile paradigms. Accuracy rates showed no correlation with clinical variables. At 6-months follow-up, the clinical outcome expressed as Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scores, strongly correlated with the VT2 and VT3 Accuracy rates. Conclusions: somatosensory discrimination can be detected in UWS patients and might play a predictive role in the recovery of consciousness.

Prediction of Consciousness Recovery in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome by a vibrotactile P300-BCI