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Nonverbal and verbal communications are completely lost in patients with complete motor paralysis, leaving no other means of communication except brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). BCIs translate the thought to generate control signal, by which an individual can control a spelling device or external mechanical and electrical devices for communication. Recently we developed a functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based auditory BCI, which was used by four patients in completely locked-in state (CLIS) to answer “yes” and “no” to known and open questions. Patients used fronto-central oxygenation concentration measured with fNIRS to answer “yes” and “no”, while electro-encephalographic (EEG) signal was used to detect any vigilance drop during BCI sessions. Here, we evaluated frontal-central cortical activation by applying general linear model (GLM) to the fNIRS data and EEG signal time-frequency analysis to explore the metabolic and neuroelectric processes occurring during “yes” and “no” questions presented to CLIS patients.

Brain activation Map during BCI Communication in Complete locked in State