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A method is proposed that the changes of elastic wave velocities are a function of normal stress, soil moisture, shear stress and shear displacement, can be expressed as ΔV = a ∗ (Δσ) m 2 + b ∗ ΔVWC + c ∗ Δτ + d ∗ Δx , Where σ is normal stress, VWC is volumetric water content, τ is shear stress, x is the shear displacement. This study aims at investigating the elastic wave propagation in soil, to find out the method using the changes of elastic waves in the slope surface layer and applied to an early warning system. A series of experiments were conducted, the first one was a laboratory experiment using multi-layer shear model to determine the coefficient of normal stress, soil moisture content, the shear stress, and the displacement. The elastic wave velocities calculated by the coefficient and the input soil moisture and shear stress were compared to the measured velocities, the results show they were the similar trend. The second one was elastic wave monitoring on-site. The results of on-site also showed that the elastic wave velocities changes with the soil moisture. It is similar to the result of laboratory experiment. Monitoring elastic wave in the surface layer of slope can detect its instabilities. Slope failure may be predicted based on the historical record of elastic wave propagation in soil.

Effects of soil moisture and shear deformation on elastic wave velocities in shallow slope