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To evaluate risk factors for infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1) in backyard chickens in Bangladesh, we conducted a matched case-control study. We enrolled 25 case farms (cases March-November 2007) and 75 control farms (June-November 2007). We used a questionnaire to collect farm data, which were analyzed by matched-pair analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Factors independently associated were offering slaughter remnants of purchased chickens to backyard chickens (odds ratio [OR] 13.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-131.98, p = 0.027), having a nearby water body (OR 5.27, 95% CI 1.24-22.34, p = 0.024), and having contact with pigeons (OR 4.47, 95% CI 1.14-17.50, p = 0.032). Separating chickens and ducks at night was protective (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.45, p = 0.006). Reducing these risks and taking protective measures might reduce the risk for influenza (H5N1) infection in backyard chickens.

Risk for Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Backyard Chickens, Bangladesh