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Background : Lycium barbarum increased the postprandial energy expenditure (PPEE). Negative energy balance caused by the systematic procedure (TAI slim ® System), including increasing metabolic rate through physical activity, use of Lycium barbarum -containing TAI slim  (Product A), and decreasing caloric intake by consuming a chewable confection (TAI slim  SKINNY=Product B), and a meal replacement shake (TAI slim SHAKE=Product C), would be successful for weight loss. Methods : We examined TAI slim System on anthropometrics, appetite in Study 1 and PPEE in Study 2, both in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind manner. 1 ) A total of 67 participants were randomized into 2 groups (placebo or TAI slim System). Intake procedures were: Product A, 60 ml (20 kcal) b.i.d. immediately before breakfast and lunch, Product B, 1 chew (20 kcal) t.i.d. between meals and after dinner; Product C, 40.5 g (158 kcal) as breakfast. A calorie-restricted diet with multi-vitamin supplementation and daily exercise was required. Anthropometric parameters were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 w. 2 ) Appetite was measured using a subjective visual analog scale during the initial 3-7 days of intake. 3 ) For PPEE evaluation, 12 participants consumed a single bout of TAI slim System products or placebo, and took part in 6 study sessions. EE was measured by an indirect calorimeter immediately before (baseline) and at 1, 2, and 4 h post-intake of samples. Results : 1 ) Body weight was significantly reduced by 6.2±0.7%, compared to pre-intervention with TAI slim System (P<0.01). Waist circumference, total body fat, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels were also significantly reduced by TAI slim System, in a range of 3.8-9.9%. TAI slim System was significantly more effective than the placebo (P<0.05). The placebo group showed -0.1-3.9% reduction from pre-intervention with no significant difference. 2 ) TAI slim  System also significantly suppressed appetite, by 39%, compared to the baseline and placebo (P<0.05) (11% reduction in the placebo). 3 ) PPEE was significantly increased by TAI slim  System compared to placebo and baseline levels. Compared to the baseline EE, placebo increased only by 0.8±0.9%, but 7.2±1.2 % with TAI slim System (P<0.01). Conclusions : It is suggested that TAI slim System exhibits significant weight loss and stimulating effects on caloric expenditure, and thus may be a useful and effective weight loss program. Keywords : Lycium barbarum , Goji, Fiber, Phenylalanine, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Tea, Polyphenols, Human clinical trial, Energy expenditure, Resting metabolic rate, Waist circumference, Appetite, Body mass index, TAI slim .

functional foods in health and disease/journal of functional foods in health and disease

A combination of various functional food ingredients as a weight management program: randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind human clinical studies