English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

DEGREE DAYS AND PHENOLOGICAL SYNCHRONY IN WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH AND COAST LIVE OAK by Ingrid Graeve Western tussock moth populations fluctuate cyclically in the San Francisco Bay Area, and this study developed a degree day model as a tool to manage damaging populations. I raised tussock moths in the lab at fixed temperatures and found the lower threshold temperatures for egg, larval, and pupal development to be 10, 7.2, and 9.8°C. Egg hatch occurred after 160DD accumulation, pupation 360DD after hatch, and adult emergence 151DD after pupation. Because moth populations may also be affected by degree of synchrony between caterpillar hatch and oak budburst, I monitored buds and egg masses in Palo Alto, CA, every 2-3 days. Hatch and budburst during outbreak years were synchronized within an area but not at the level of individual tree. Since hatch preceded budburst and extended over a longer time in most trees, the degree of synchrony may not have strong fitness consequences for oaks or tussock moths in urban areas. A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S I thank my advisor, Dr. Susan Lambrecht, for her knowledge, encouragement, insights, patience and all of her help with this research and the preparation of this manuscript. I could not have completed it without her. I also thank my other committee members, Dr. Jeff Honda and Dr. Rod Myatt, for their knowledge, contributions, and support of this project over the years. Many people in the biology department at San Jose State have also helped me. Carol Selter's interest and brilliant photography of my lab studies, Jenny Cross's friendship and statistics assistance, John Dayton's experiences raising monarchs, and Dr. Jerry Smith's feedback and guidance through the program are particularly memorable. Jon Detka's experiences and data loggers were also indispensable. The staff at Stanford University, where the field studies took place, supplied data, observations, and my introduction to the questions this research attempts to answer. Thanks to Karen Sudd in Grounds and Craig Barney in Environmental Health and Safety. Another thank you goes to Mark Rodriguez and Lifescan, for permission to study the tussock populations in Milpitas. I received financial support (Arthur and Karin Nelson Research Fellowship) and generous access to equipment and supplies at San Jose State University, and also donations of artificial diet from Bio-Serv. Many thanks go to my family, my parents and sister, and most of all, to Lars Kvarna.

Degree days and phenological synchrony in Western tussock moth and coast live oak