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EnglishThe aim of this article is to demonstrate the rupture between common sense and scientific knowledge of Chemistry from the epistemology of Gaston Bachelard. As a guideline for such an analysis, the concepts of immediate materialism and learned materialism, which appear mainly in the bachelardian work Le Materialisme Rationnel of 1953, were taken as the great bases of thoughts that founded Chemistry science in different historical periods. It will be demonstrated that in Bachelard's epistemology the concept of immediate materialism equals the moment in which there was continuity between common sense and scientific knowledge and that the various ruptures and conceptual innovations that occurred in the present time will establish a new Chemistry based on a new basis of thought, entitled by Bachelard of learned materialism. Here, the materialism is in the advanced state of scientific culture, and by incorporating discursive knowledge about matter, it breaks with the knowledge of appearances and departs definitively from elementary ideas linked to common sense. The chemistry of the new scientific spirit is presented by bachelardian epistemology as an inventive science that creates its object, it instructs and orders reality from mathematical thinking through very peculiar techniques and thus distances itself from the immediate analysis of empirical data of ordinary reality. The Bachelard’s epistemology chemistry points to a series of reorganizations and conceptual updates that serve to characterize the evidence of the evolution of scientific thought. portuguesO objetivo deste artigo e demonstrar a ruptura entre senso comum e conhecimento cientifico da Quimica a partir da epistemologia de Gaston Bachelard. Como fio condutor para tal analise, tomou-se os conceitos de materialismo imediato e materialismo instruido, que aparecem principalmente na obra bachelardiana Le Materialisme Rationnel de 1953, como grandes bases de pensamentos que fundamentaram a ciencia Quimica em periodos historicos diferentes. Demonstrar-se-a que, na epistemologia de Bachelard, o conceito de materialismo imediato equivale ao momento em que ocorria continuidade entre senso comum e conhecimento cientifico e que as diversas rupturas e inovacoes conceituais que ocorreram na contemporaneidade irao instaurar uma nova Quimica, fundamentada em uma nova base de pensamento, intitulada por Bachelard de materialismo instruido. Aqui, o materialismo se encontra no estado avancado da cultura cientifica e, ao incorporar o conhecimento discursivo sobre a materia, rompe com os conhecimentos das aparencias e se distancia definitivamente das ideias elementares ligadas ao senso comum. A Quimica do novo espirito cientifico e apresentada pela epistemologia bachelardiana como uma ciencia inventiva que cria seu objeto, ela instrui e ordena a realidade a partir do pensamento matematico atraves de tecnicas muito peculiares e, deste modo, se distancia da analise imediata sobre os dados empiricos da realidade comum. A epistemologia da quimica bachelardiana aponta para uma serie de reorganizacoes e atualizacoes conceituais que servem para caracterizar as provas da evolucao do pensamento cientifico.

A ruptura na química entre o senso comum e o conhecimento científico a partir da análise de Gastón Bachelard