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Sodium butyrate is a four-carbon fatty acid and natural component of the colonic milieu. Butyrate has been shown to induce apoptosis in numerous types of cancer cells, and received much attention as a potential chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancer. However,during initial clinical trials,its efficacy was limited. X-irradiation or hyperthermia as an adjuvant significantly enhanced the cell growth arrest,alteration of the cell cycle,and cell death caused by butyrate. The balance between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins was lost and a mitochondrial pathway was activated. In this review,the interactions of butyrate with X-irradiation and hyperthermia are discussed.

Mechanisms Involved in Enhancement of Apoptosis by Radiation or Hyperthermia in Combination with Sodium Butyrate