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Hyperthermia is considered to be a treatment capable of a direct cytocidal effect, following 3 primary modalities for cancer treatment : surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Usually, success in raising a tumor's temperature to 43°C or above produces a strong anticancer effect both in vitro and in vivo, and a change of the inactivation energy of cells occurs at temperatures above 43°C. Although the cytocidal effect of mild hyperthermia (below 43°C) is negligible, such a treatment often appears to enhance the sensitivity of tumors to anticancer drugs, cytokines, and low-dose-rate irradiation. It has also been reported that mild hyperthermia, even when applied locally, increases immunological competence and enhances cytocidal effects via immunological responses. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), are molecular chaperones believed to be involved in thermoresistance events during hyperthermia, and also involved in the enhancement of immunological competence. Although immunotherapy and hyperthermia have fallen short of expectations, these two approaches, when combined appropriately, may provide synergistic treatments more effective than expected of either alone. The mechanism of hyperthermia action is also being studied at the genetic level, and the possibility of molecule-targeted treatments coupled with hyperthermia aimed at specific target genes is being studied. In this report, the present state of these approaches is described.

Effects of Hyperthermia and Modification of Thermosensitivity