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Curcuma zedoaria is a medicinal plant belonging to Zingiberaceae family. The objective “of the study is to analyze the phytoconstituents of the ethyl acetate extract of rhizomes of C. zedoaria and to evaluate for anti-urolithiatic activity by in vitro single gel diffusion technique and by in vivo ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis model. Terpenoids were found to be predominant in both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The struvite crystals were grown in a gel medium. The extract of different concentrations was added to the gel formed and decrease in the crystal size was measured for 5 days using a travelling microscope. The in vivo anti-urolithiatic activity was assessed in wistar rat models. Histopathological analysis of kidney of treated rats showed a normal architecture similar to control. Results of both in vitro and in vivo studies” conclude potent antiurolithiatic activity of C. zedoaria which can be attributed to the presence of terpenoids. *Address for correspondence: Dr (Mrs.) M. Himaja, Professor Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India Mobile: +91-9944796228 Fax: +91-4162243092 E-mail: drmhimaja@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Urolithiasis is the stone formation process in the kidney and bladder. The kidney stone formation occurs from a series of physicochemical incidents like super saturation of urinary mineral contents, nucleation of the calculi, aggregation and withholding of the aggregated crystals. With increase in rate of occurrence of urolithiasis in humans, epidemiological reports state that the incidence of renal stones may increase from (40 % to 56 %) by 2050 (Aggarwal et al. 2017). The calcium oxalate stones are the most frequently observed stones accounting for 80 percentage of all the stones in the clinical states (Chauhan and Joshi 2013; Sharma et al. 2017). Struvite, an infectious stone are formed by the action of urease splitting bacteria like Proteus mirabilis that cause persistently alkaline urine (Kasote et al. 2017; Li et al. 2015). Treatment of urolithiasis involves administration of NSAIDS, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics and alkali-citrate as well the use of nephrolithotomy and extracorpeal shock wave lithotripsy technologies. The undesirable side effects like hemorrhage and necrosis associated with the use of medications and surgical methods and also the increasing possibility for crystal reoccurrence results in extensive damage of the kidney functions (Terlecki and Triest 2007; Xue et al. 2009). Traditional method of treatment of urolithiasis using various plant extracts and as food supplements are largely prevailing in India, China and other Asian1countries. The traditional medicine1 system like Ayurveda uses extracts of plants in the treatment of urolithiatic conditions, although there are no proven clinical evidences. Cystone is one of the ayurvedic polyherbal commercial medication currently (Himalaya Drug Company, India) preEthno Med, 12(1): 31-39 (2018) 10.1080/09735070.2017.1409687 2018 DOI: 32 VINODHINI VELU, NEERAJ FULORIA, SHIVKANYA FULORIA ET AL. scribed for the treatment of urolithiasis (Rafiq et al. 2012). Recently studies have been reported where the crude extracts of plant source Tribulus terresteris, Boerhaavia1diffusa and Scoparia dulcis (Aggarwal et al. 2010; Chauhan et al. 2011; Reshma et al. 2014) have shown a preventive and curative effect on in vivo urolithiatic models. Curcuma zedoaria is a medicinal plant of the Zingiberaceae family. It is found widely in the tropical and sub-tropical regions1of India, China and Japan. The rhizomes of C. zedoaria are used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, blood stagnation syndromes and to promote menstruation (Matsuda et al. 2001), skin infections, stomach ailments, abdominal pain, leucoderma, diuretics and menstrual disorders. C. zedoaria is also used in polyherbal formulations used for the treatment of paralysis, arthritis and bronchitis (Lobo et al. 2009). Various extracts of C. zedoaria have been reported for their analgesic (Navarro et al. 2002), alcohol intoxication (Kimura et al. 2013) and antimicrobial (Wilson et al. 2005) properties. Previous studies have reported C. zedoaria to be a rich source of terpenoids with wide pharmacological applications (Park et al. 2012). However, no scientific evidence is available about the anti-urolithiatic effect of C. zedoaria and its active constituents.

In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Terpenoid-Rich Ethyl Acetate Extract of Rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria