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A nongovernmental organization in the Panchmals District of Gujarat State in western India called Social Action for Rural and Tribal Inhabitants of India (SARTHI) helps rural women organize themselves to rehabilitate degraded common land while meeting their biomass needs in an efficient and ecologically sound way. In this area state forest departments control 16% of the common land and the state revenue department controls another 9%. The common land is largely used for grazing. These areas have largely been deforested and degraded. Womens status is low and their workload is heavy. Women usually do not own land or property. In November 1987 women considered taking collective action to reverse environmental degradation. Groups of women estimated the number of trees and shrubs each group member required for firewood fodder construction material and other subsistence needs. They also cataloged local tree species suitable to meet their needs. In February 1989 SARTHI switched its development of wastelands efforts from private landowners to womens groups initially the Muvasa womens group which was made up largely of poor tribal women. In Muvasa the women obtained a 10-year renewable lease of 4 hectares of common land from the local governmental authority to grow plants and shrubs to meet their needs. Village men were suspicious that SARTHI worked only with women but as the women continued their efforts and their self-confidence grew the mens rumors and suspicions abated. This group of women working toward solutions to major problems resulted in appropriation of legitimate social space for women. SARTHI works with 17 womens groups to develop wastelands. The stronger groups help the newer and/or weaker groups. The older groups are indeed securing returns from their plantations such as fodder grass and seeds. Other benefits include planting of nutritionally important trees in wastelands rich tradition of medicinal herbs and plants groups became their own credit source and womens empowerment.

Wasteland development and the empowerment of women: The SARTHI experience