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Understanding the sexual behaviors of populations who are vulnerable to HIV is an important component in the battle against the AIDS pandemic. Yet policymakers in developing countries particularly in Africa have often overlooked men who have sex with men (MSM) as a vulnerable group because of stigmatization of homosexual behavior and denial of the existence of MSM and the role they may play in HIV transmission. A growing body of literature however not only documents the presence of this population in Africa but also the importance of reaching them with information and services to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Despite increasing awareness of the role MSM can play in the dynamics of HIV transmission in Africa research on MSM in Kenya has been limited. In response to this gap researchers from the Institute of African Studies (IAS) at the University of Nairobi and the Horizons and FRONTIERS Programs of the Population Council undertook a study of MSM in Nairobi from 2003 to 2004. The overall goals of the study were to understand the extent to which MSM are at risk of HIV and other STIs identify the factors associated with risk behaviors and identify MSM sexual health needs in order to develop appropriate interventions. The study proposal received full ethical review and clearance from the Population Council Institutional Review Board (IRB) in New York the Kenya National Council for Science and Technology and the Kenyatta National Hospital Ethics and Research Committee in Nairobi. Approval from all review boards was achieved by November 2003 and research activities were conducted between February and August 2004. Systematic data collection methods included (a) a quantitative survey of 500 MSM; (b) in-depth interviews with MSM gatekeepers1 and service providers; and (c) ethnographic observations in MSM social settings. The quantitative survey was implemented first in early 2004 followed by the in-depth interviews and ethnographic observations; all respondents gave informed consent to participate in the study. (excerpt)

Understanding the HIV/STI risks and prevention needs of men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya