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Of 54 phenotypic characteristics of 83 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum from Japan and overseas, the strains differed in 20 characters. Japanese strains were divided into four biovars (1-4), of which biovars 3 and 4 were common. Japanese biovar 2 strains were different from foreign biovars 2 and N2 strains for the utilization of trehalose, D-ribose, L-tartrate and/or m-tartrate. Eleven strains of Japanese biovar 3 from tobacco and kalanchoe (Kalanchoe sp.) atypically did not utilize inositol. Cluster analysis based on 20 phenotypic characters using the unweighted average pair-group method (UPGMA) on the simple matching coefficient showed seven clusters at 78% similarity. Biovars 3 and 4 were phenotypically homogeneous, and each grouped into a single cluster. On the other hand, strains in both biovars 1 and 2 were each divided into two clusters, one with the Japanese strains and the other with the overseas strains. The host of the strains in each cluster and biovar was different, and the strains isolated from plants other than solanaceous crops belonged to biovars 3 and 4.

Phenotypic Characteristics and Cluster Analysis of Japanese and Reference Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum.