English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Tobamoviruses including tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV) and tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) cause serious damage to the quality and yield of green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), which lead to severe economic loss2,3,6,8) Tobamoviruses are seed-borne in green pepper2,9). TMV is carried as a contaminant on the surface of tomato and pepper seeds and can infect seedlings during germination and early growth1). Once the viruses are carried into fields with seeds, they spread quickly to healthy plants from systemically infected plants derived from the infested seeds by mechanical transmission through cultivation and natural contact of plants7). The viruses remain in the soil even after cultivation and serve as a primary source of infection in the next cultivation2,4) Since we have no effective way to prevent the contact or soil transmission of tobamoviruses, detection and elimination of contaminated seeds before cultivation are essential for the control of tobamoviruses in green pepper. Tobamoviruses in seeds have been detected by an infectivity assay2) and RT-PCR10). For these methods, seeds must be ground for the extraction of viruses, and the seeds themselves cannot be used for further cultivation. Here we report a new simplified method, designated as direct immunostaining assay (DISA), for detecting tobamoviruses in green pepper seeds while keeping the ability to germinate. Preparation of contaminated pepper seeds and virus antisera An isolate of PMMV obtained from a naturally infected green pepper plant in Kochi Prefecture was propagated on tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi). The infected leaves were homogenized with 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 (1:2, w/v) containing 0.1% thioglycolic acid, and the homogenate was clarified by chloroform (2:1, v/v). The virus was precipitated with 4% polyethylene glycol #6000 (w/v) and 0.3M NaCl in the presence of 2% Triton X-100, followed by differential centrifugation. The virus was further purified by linear 10-40% sucrose density gradient centrifugation at 76,000•~g for 180min. The virus fraction was collected and centrifuged at 102,000•~g for 90 min. The virus pellet was resuspended in 10mM phos-

Direct Immunostaining Assay, a New Simplified Technique for Detection of Tobamoviruses from Seeds of Green Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).