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In contrast to the rapid electrolyte-loss due to AK-toxin, a host-specific toxin of Alternaria kikuchiana, tenuazonic acid and phenylacetic acid, non-host-specific toxins, caused a little and slow leakage of electrolytes from both susceptible and resistant leaves. The ultrastructural changes in the AK-toxin-treated susceptible leaves were characterized by abnormal invaginations of plasma membrane Plasma membrane was altered even at the stage when other cellular membranes were not affected. AK-toxin, however, did not affect the ultrastructure of resistant leaf cells. On the other hand, cells of pear leaves treated with tenuazonic acid and phenylacetic acid showed general ultrastructural disruption, regardless of susceptibility or resistance to AK-toxin. The non-host-specific toxins attacked cellular organelles non-selectively. However, the characteristic changes of plasma membrane such as invagination were not observed in cells of susceptible and resistant leaves treated with tenuazonic acid and phenylacetic acid. The non-selective effect of these toxins on cellular membrane suggests that the toxins may act on all cellular membranes. Electrolyte-leakage from both pear cultivars after treatment with non-host-specific toxins was considered to be different from that from AK-toxin-treated susceptible leaves. A rapid loss of electrolytes and plasma membrane-invaginations indicated that AK-toxin affected the structure and function of plasma membrane of susceptible cells.

Effects of the host-specific toxin and other toxic metabolites produced by Alternaria kikuchiana on ultrastructure of leaf cells of Japanese pear.