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Two climatic phases were revealed in dynamics of annual air temperature in Veliky Novgorod during last 120 years: moderate cold (18991970) and warm (19882018). Mean rate of air temperature increasing during the recent warming consisted 0.47 С per 10 years. The highest growth of air temperature was observed in spring and autumn. It was established that this process in other regions of the North-Western federal district of Russian Federation also began in the late 1980s. The highest mean positive anomaly of annual air temperature in 19882018 was observed in Veliky Novgorod and Naryan-Mar (1.3С), while the lowest one in Vologda (0.9 С). It was shown that start of the recent climate warming in the North-Western European Russia coincided with weakening of meridional type of atmospheric circulation and intensification of western transfer of air masses from Northern Atlantic water area.

Climate variability of Veliky Novgorod over the last 120 years