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On the basis of full-scale studies the features of the formation of the chemical composition of groundwater in urban areas of the Southern Urals have been clarified. Changes in the salt composition of pore solutions of clay rocks and their exchange-adsorption properties, distribution and accumulation of supertoxicants in rocks and water have been established. The influence of changes in the chemical composition of water on hazardous geological processes was evaluated. It was found that the most intense impact of the geological environment is exposed to the surface to a depth of 15-20 m. Dioxins and heavy metals in soils on the territory of industrial enterprises are concentrated in the near-surface zone (up to 5-7 m). In the range of depths from 5-7 m to 20 m their content is significantly reduced. Liquid organic pollutants and water-soluble salts penetrate almost the entire zone of active circulation. The processes of self-purification of aquifers and restoration of natural conditions even after the elimination of the source of pollution continue for tens or even hundreds of years, i.e. exceed the life of one generation.

Hydrogeochemistry of urban areas in the Southern Urals