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This investigation deals with a laboratory study of the combined effects of fibre surface charge density and electrolyte concentration (NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2) on the retention of a cationic AKD-dispersion. A bleached softwood kraft pulp was grafted with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to various degrees. Hence, a series of pulps with surface charge densities ranging from 1.7 μeq/g to 28 μeq/g were manufactured and used in the study. The AKD used was a radioactively (C-14) labelled, laboratory manufactured, cationic (Z-potential = + 11.5 mV) dispersion stabilized by means of ligno-sulfonate/cationic starch. This stabilizing system is commonly used in many commercial formulations. The laboratory study showed that AKDretention is sensitized by electrolytes and that there is an optimum electrolyte concentration for optimum AKD-retention. Moreover, there is an optimum surface charge density for optimum AKD-retention. The results could be explained in terms of the coupling (swelling) of the surface layer of the stabilizing system and the amphoteric nature of the stabilizer and electrosteric interactions during deposition of cationic particles onto anionic surfaces.

nordic pulp and paper research journal

A study of AKD-size retention, reaction and sizing efficiency. Part 3: The effects of fibre charge density and electrolyte concentration on size retention