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Mono-, di- and trihydroxy fatty acids were reacted in a free-solvent amidation reaction with diethanolamine to obtain the derivative of dialkanolamides.The ricinoleic acid and 9,10,12-trihydroxystearic acid were isolated and prepared from Indonesian castor oil, while 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid was synthesized from the used frying oil. Amidation reaction of methyl ricinoleate, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid and 9,10,12-trihydroxystearic acid gave the dialkanolamide derivatives in 93.10, 49.66, and 38.78% yield, respectively. The chemical structure of the synthesized products was elucidated by FTIR and GC-MS through silylation method. The prepared compounds were evaluated for their physicochemical properties as nonionic biosurfactant such as Hydrophilic-Lyophilic Balance value, interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration, foam stability, emulsification index, and emulsion stability. It was found that more hydroxyl groups contribute to a higher Hydrophilic-Lyophilic Balance value, foam stability, emulsification index, and lower interfacial tension.

rasayan journal of chemistry/rasayan journal of chemistry

DIETHANOLAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS A POTENTIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY AGENT FROM INDONESIAN CASTOR OIL AND USED FRYING OIL: ISOLATION, SYNTHESIS, AND EVALUATION AS NONIONIC BIOSURFACTANTS