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Malignant surface epithelial ovarian carcinomas are one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women among the gynaecological malignancies. Many of these patients present at an advanced stage of the disease and therefore succumb to it despite multimodality treatment.1 Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a co-regulatory molecule that is expressed on the surface of various type of cells including immune cells and epithelial cells. By binding to its receptor, programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) on lymphocytes it generates an inhibitory signal toward T-cell receptor-mediated activation of lymphocytes. Ovarian cancer cells express PDL1 upon encountering immune cells and as a consequence inhibit cytotoxic T-lymphocyte function, escape from them and disseminate1. PD-L1 expression by ovarian tumour cells is seen to be associated with malignant morphology as compared with borderline tumours.2,3

Expression of Programmed Death Ligand (PD-L1) in Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumours