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Purpose: to identify the optimal combination of the seeding rate of seeds and the background of fertilizers to achieve a high yield of a new peas Premier variety, as well as to study the peculiarities of water consumption of the crop under the soil and climatic conditions of Azov zone Rostov region.  Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in Aksai district Rostov region in 2019–2020. The soil of the experimental site is represented by ordinary calcareous medium-thick light loamy chernozem on loess-like loam. The experiments used the Premier pea variety. Factor A: seeding rates (0.8 (control); 1.0; 1.2 million pcs/ha); factor B: fertilizer backgrounds (high – N30Р80K80; medium – N15Р40K40; control without fertilizers) were studied. During the field experiment, the generally accepted methods were used (B. A. Dospekhov, 1985; A. N. Kostyakov, 1961; A. F. Vadyunina, 1986).  Results. When growing peas in rainfed conditions, the priority effect on grain yield is provided by the moisture supply of plants during the critical period of water consumption. In years with optimal (GTC = 1.37) and stressful (GTC = 0.22) conditions of this growing season, the difference in yield indicators reached 47.0–51.9 %. The change in the seeding density from 0.8 to 1.0 and 1.2 million pcs/ha contributed to an increase in the average grain yield under different nutritional backgrounds, respectively, by 21.3–25.0 and 34.0–40.5 % compared to control. The fertilizer rate N15Р40K40 increased the peas yield at different sowing densities by 16.0–21.2 %, and a high background (N30Р80K80) – by 38.6–42.2 % compared to natural fertility conditions. The best payback of fertilizers by an increase in yield was obtained in the variant with a high background of nutrition N30P80K80 and a seeding rate of 1.2 million units/ha – 3.32 kg/kg.  Conclusions. The best average grain yield was ensured at the rates of fertilization N30P80K80 and seeding of seeds of 1.2 million units/ha, reaching 2.26 t/ha.

Influence of cultivation technology elements on yield and water consumption of peas Premier variety under rainfed conditions