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Several studies in humans and rodents suggest that postprandial serum triglyceride (TG) levels are decreased by a single oral administration of diacylglycerol (DAG) oil compared with administration of control triacylglycerol (TAG) oil. To gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying the metabolic properties of DAG in a postprandial state, we analyzed the size-based distributions of postprandial lipoproteins in the lymph and serum using gel filtration-based high-performance liquid chromatography. In thoracic duct lymph pooled for 3 h after oral administration of TAG or DAG, the size-based distributions of postprandial lymphatic lipoprotein-TG and -cholesterol levels did not differ significantly, suggesting that DAG did not affect the size of lipoprotein particles secreted from the small intestine. Serum lipoprotein-TG (60%) and -cholesterol levels (90%), however, were significantly different among fractions with a diameter of greater than 80 nm 1 to 2 h after the administration of DAG compared to TAG. In addition, there was a considerable, but nonsignificant, reduction in lipoprotein-TG levels (approximately 40%) in fractions with a diameter of 80 to 30 nm, suggesting that DAG-derived chylomicrons as well as DAG-derived chylomicron remnants were catabolized rapidly. In conclusion, dietary DAG reduced the amount of large-size lipoproteins in the serum, but did not affect the size distribution of lipoproteins produced in the small intestine. Thus, compared with TAG, dietary DAG may reduce the postprandial serum total TG levels.

Size-Based Distributions of Postprandial Lipoproteins in Lymph and Serum after Oral Administration of Triacylglycerol and Diacylglycerol Oils in Rats